Molecule of the Month
August 2026

Histone Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Complexes

Enzymes that add and remove marks from chromosomes to keep gene regulation in balance

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Irving Geis (1908-1997) was a gifted artist who helped illuminate the field of structural biology with his iconic images. The Geis Digital Archive features many of his illustrations in the context of their molecular structures.

Images used with permission from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (www.hhmi.org). All rights reserved.

A-DNA

Hemoglobin (1000)

B-DNA

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Deoxyhemoglobin

Hemoglobin

Cytochrome c (unbound)

Z-DNA

Myoglobin Fold

Lysozyme (488)

Cytochrome c

Carboxypeptidase A

DNA

Aspartate Transcarbamoylase (ATCase)

TATA-Binding Protein (TBP)

Collagen

Lysozyme (512)

DPG-Hemoglobin Complex

Ribonuclease S

Crambin

Trypsin

Myoglobin

Myohemerythrin

Lac Repressor

Induced Lac Repressor

Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV)

Oxyhemoglobin

Hemoglobin S

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Transfer Ribonucleic Acid (tRNA)

Intermolecular Contacts in Hemoglobin S

The Molecular Landscapes by David S. Goodsell integrate information from structural biology, microscopy and biophysics to simulate detailed views of the molecular structure of living cells.

Illustrations are free for use under a CC-BY-4.0 license

Bacteriophage T4 Infection

Biosites: Blood Plasma

Biosites: Cytoplasm

Blood

Casein Micelle and Fat Globule in Milk

Immunological Synapse

HIV in Blood Plasma

Red Blood Cell Cytoskeleton

Insulin Release

Collagen and Extracellular Matrix

Biosites: Muscle

Myelin

Measles Virus Proteins

Influenza Virus

Biosites: Nucleus

Poliovirus Neutralization

Influenza Vaccine

Zika Virus

HIV Vaccine

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VegF) Signaling

Ebola Virus

Last Universal Common Ancestor

Coronavirus

Autophagy

Kinetochore

RecA and DNA

JCVI-syn3A Minimal Cell

Chloroplast

SARS-CoV-2 Fusion

Caulobacter Polar Microdomain

SARS-CoV-2 and Neutralizing Antibodies

Phage-based COVID-19 Vaccine

Abiogenesis

Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses

Escherichia coli

Myoglobin in a Whale Muscle Cell

Cellulose Synthase

Escherichia coli Bacterium

Model of a Mycoplasma Cell

Lipid Droplets

Biosites: Red Blood Cell

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine

Biosites: Basement Membrane

Respiratory Droplet

Mycoplasma mycoides

Insulin Action

Coronavirus Life Cycle

HIV-Infected Cell

Transfer RNA and Gag Protein

CytoSkeleton